Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Seong Hoe Park

17 Articles

Immunohistochemical and Molecular Characteristics of Follicular Patterned Thyroid Nodules with Incomplete Nuclear Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.: Hye Sook Min, Gheeyoung Choe, Nam Yun Cho, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Seong Hoe Park, So Yeon Park; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(6):495-502.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.6.495

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BACKGROUND
Follicular patterned thyroid nodules with incomplete nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FTN-INPTCs) are difficult to diagnose, and their biological behavior and association with follicular variants of PTC (FVPTCs) have not yet been established. The aim of this study is to determine immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of FTN-INPTCs. METHODS: We investigated immunohistochemical features (galectin-3, HBME-1, CK19, fibronectin-1, CITED1), BRAF V600E mutation and RASSF1A promoter methylation status in 30 FTN-INPTC cases, along with 26 FVPTCs, 21 follicular adenomas (FAs) and 14 nodular hyperplasias (NHs). RESULTS: Expression of galectin-3, HBME-1, CK19 and CITED1 was significantly higher in FTN-INPTCs than in FAs or NHs, but expression of galectin-3, CK19 and fibronectin-1 was lower in FTN-INPTCs than in FVPTCs. The BRAF V600E mutation was not detected in the benign nodules or FTN-INPTCs, whereas 57% of FVPTCs had the mutation. RASSF1A promoter methylation was higher in FTN-INPTCs than in benign nodules but there was no difference between FTN-INPTCs and FVPTCs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results represent the borderline immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of FTN-INPTC. We conclude that FTN-INPTC is an intermediate lesion between a benign nodule and a FVPTC, and that it is pathogenetically related to FVPTC.

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A Case of Multifocal Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Consisting of One Encapsulated Follicular Variant withBRAFK601E Mutation and Three Conventional Types withBRAFV600E Mutation
Wook Youn Kim, Young Sin Ko, Tae Sook Hwang, Hye Seung Han, So Dug Lim, Wan Seop Kim, Seo Young Oh
Korean Journal of Pathology.2013; 47(3): 293. CrossRef
The Frequency ofBRAFMutation in Very Small Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas
Taeeun Kim, Ji-Hyun Roh, Hee-Jung Park, Jee Eun Kwon, So-Young Kang, Yoon-La Choi, Young Lyun Oh
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2010; 44(3): 308. CrossRef

Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney: Touch Imprint Cytologic and Histologic Findings: A Case Report.: Woo Ho Kim, Yong Il Kim, Seong Hoe Park, Jae Gahb Park; Korean J Cytopathol. 2008;19(2):194-199.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.2.194

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Abstract PDF

The recent WHO classification has recognized mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) as a distinct entity of renal cell carcinoma, exhibiting a mixed pattern of tubules and a surrounding spindle cell proliferation within a myxoid stroma, with low-grade nuclear features. A 51-year-old woman had an incidentally discovered renal mass. Radiologic examination revealed a large, well defined mass in the lower pole of the right kidney; a right radical nephrectomy was performed. Imprint cytologic smears from fresh surgical specimens showed cellular, cohesive clusters with thick, broad trabecular arrangements and branching structures. On high power fields, the tumor was composed of round-to-oval low-grade nuclei with vesicular chromatin and small nucleoli. The tumor cells had indistinct borders and pale, eosinophilic cytoplasm. In some areas, round-to-elongated tubular structures and spindle cell patterns were noted. Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration was noted, along with a mucinous background and occasional psammoma bodies. Neither significant cytologic atypia nor mitosis was seen.

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Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney with Aggressive Behavior: An Unusual Renal Epithelial Neoplasm - A Case Report -
Ji-Hye Lee, Mee-Hye Oh, Hyun Deuk Cho, Young-Sik Kim
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2010; 44(2): 211. CrossRef

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis: A Clinico-Cytological Review of 10 Cases with Immunocytochemical Analysis.: Eun Hee Suh, Seong Hoe Park, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Cytopathol. 2008;19(1):27-33.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.1.27

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Abstract PDF: Although subacute granulomatous thyroiditis(SGT) is usually diagnosed clinically, papillary carcinoma or other thyroid conditions must be considered in the differential diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and fine-needle aspiration(FNA) cytologic findings seen in 10 SGT cases to decide what are the most reliable cytologic findings and the most helpful molecular tools for reaching a confident cytologic diagnosis. The most representative smear slides were retrieved to perform immunocytochemistry for cytokeratin19(CK19) and Ret protein. Five papillary carcinomas(PTCs) were included as controls. The constant and typical cytologic findings of SGT were multinucleated giant cells(MGCs) (100%), epithelioid granulomas(90%), an inflammatory dirty background(90%) and plump transformed follicular cells(80%) without fire-flare cells, oncocytic cells or transformed lymphocytes. The immunoreactivities for CK19(37.5%) and Ret(10%) of the follicular cells of SGT were less than those(CK19 and Ret:100%) of PTC. CK19 immunoreactivity of the MGCs was seen in only one case of PTC. There was no significant difference between CK19 and Ret immunocytochemical staining for the MGCs of both SGT and PTC. The results of this study demonstrate that the cytological diagnosis of SGT can be improved by employing a combination of the typical and constant diagnostic cytological features and immunocytochemical results.

Expressions of Id-1 and Id-2 in Hyperplastic Thyroid Tissue and Thyroid Carcinoma.: Young A Kim, Young Joo Park, Do Joon Park, Seong Hoe Park, Ji Eun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(1):60-65.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Id proteins are a family of helix-loop-helix proteins and are regarded to be negative regulators of cell differentiation. In general, Id-1 and Id-2 expressions are upregulated during tumor development and progression in a variety of neoplasms, and these expressions may be associated with aggressive tumor behavior. However, little is known about the roles of Id-1 and Id-2 in thyroid neoplasms.
METHODS
The expressions of Id-1 and Id-2 were assessed immunohistochemically in 310 normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid tissues using tissue microarrays.
RESULTS
Normal thyroid tissues rarely expressed Id-1 or Id-2. Moreover, whilst Id-1 expression was more elevated in malignant thyroid tissue than in hyperplastic thyroid tissue, Id-2 expression was more variable. No significant differences were observed between histologic subtypes of thyroid carcinomas with respect to Id-1 or Id-2 expression. Follicular adenomas showed higher expressions of Id-1 and Id-2 than thyroid carcinomas. No significant association was found between clinicopathological parameters and Id-1 expression, though Id-2 expression was significantly reduced in metastatic, stage IV tumors.
CONCLUSION
The expressions of Id-1 and Id-2 were elevated in hyperplastic and neoplastic thyroid tissues. However, neither appears suitable as a marker of malignancy or an aggressive phenotype, although Id-2 expression in advanced thyroid carcinomas may reflect a favorable prognosis.

Survivin and Fas Ligand Expressions Are Correlated with Angiolymphatic Tumor Spread in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.: Min Kyung Kim, Jin Hee Sohn, Mee Joo, Hanseung Kim, Sung Hye Park, Seong Hoe Park, Eo Jin Kim, Seoung Wan Chae; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(5):320-325.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) that originates from C cells comprises about 10% of all the malignant thyroid tumors. Activating mutations of the RET proto-oncogene have been found to be involved in the anti-apoptotic pathway of MTC that harbors the RET mutation. We investigated the correlation between the clinicopathologic parameters and the expressions of survivin, a novel anti-apoptotic molecule, and the other apoptosis-related proteins, and the known prognostic markers.
METHODS
Immunohistochemical staining was performed using antibodies for survivin, Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), bcl-2, calcitonin, CEA and cyclin A in 19 case of MTC; 10 sporadic MTCs, eight multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A MTCs and one familial MTC (FMTC).
RESULTS
Survivin protein expression was found in five cases (26%) and this was correlated with the presence of angiolymphatic tumor emboli (p=0.019). FasL was expressed in 14 cases (74%) and it had correlation with the presence of lymph node metastases (p=0.029). The cyclin A-labeling indices were correlated with local invasiveness (p=0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Survivin and FasL might be involved in the lymphatic tumor spread of MTC.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Insular Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland.: Hye Sook Min, Jin Ho Paik, Kyoung Bun Lee, Seong Hoe Park, Doo Hyun Chung; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(5):326-331.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Insular thyroid carcinoma (ITC) is a relatively infrequent thyroid carcinoma that has distinctive histologic features. ITC shows an aggressive clinical course and the predominant presence of an insular component, which has been reported to be an independent factor of a poor prognosis. We retrospectively examined clinical details of the nine ITC patients, which represented 9 years of experience with ITC, and investigated the expressions of variable neuroendocrine and other immunohistochemical markers associated with well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas.
METHODS
We adopted an immunohistochemical approach and studied the expressions of synaptophysin, chromogranin A, CD56, NSE, S-100, RET, PPARgamma, calcitonin, galectin-3, and thyroglobulin in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue array slides of the 9 ITC patients, and investigated clinical features. Seven cases of follicular carcinoma and 4 cases of medullary carcinoma were also included as controls.
RESULTS
ITCs were positive for synaptophysin (44%, 4/9), CD56 (11%, 1/9), NSE (89%, 8/9), S100 (67%, 6/9), calcitonin (22%, 2/9), galectin-3 (78%, 7/9), and thyroglobulin (100%, 9/9), but completely negative for chromogranin A, RET, and PPARgamma.
CONCLUSION
ITCs express neuroendocrine markers in variable proportions and appear not to be associated with the oncoproteins of conventional thyroid carcinomas. Notably, its differential diagnosis from medullary carcinoma is required in cases showing focal calcitonin positivity.

The Increased Expression and Diagnostic Usefulness of CD56 Antigen in Paraffin Embedded Plasma Cell Neoplasm.: Seok Hyung Kim, Chan Sik Park, Eun Young Choi, Hyun Wook Kang, Seong Hoe Park, Doo Hyun Chung; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(3):201-205.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The natural killer cell antigen CD56 (NCAM) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on neurons, astrocytes, and Schwann cells. Recently, it has been reported that CD56 expression is detected on plasma cells of multiple myeloma by flow cytometry.
METHOD
In this study, to test the diagnostic usefulness of the anti-CD56 antibody for plasma cell neoplasm on paraffin-embedded materials, we performed immunohistochemical staining of samples from 19 patients with plasma cell neoplasms. These cases included 14 cases of multiple myeloma, 3 cases of solitary plasmacytoma of the bone, and two cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma.
RESULTS
The neoplastic plasma cells from 68 % of the patients with plasma cell neoplasms expressed CD56 highly. CD56 was expressed in all three cases of solitary plasmacytoma of the bone and one of two extramedullary plasmacytoma, and nine out of 14 multiple myeloma cases. In contrast, reactive plasma cells from the 18 patients with miscellaneous lesions were completely negative for CD56.
CONCLUSIONS
CD56 is aberrantly expressed on the neoplastic plasma cells, and it may be used as a useful marker for the diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasms in paraffin-embedded tissues.

Diagnostic Usefulness of Monoclonal Antibody for T Lymphoblastic Lymphoma/Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Specific JL1 Antigen in Paraffin Embedded Tissue.: Chan Sik Park, Seong Hoe Park; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(11):1033-1038.

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Abstract PDF: JL1 is a novel human thymocyte differentiation antigen, which is exclusively expressed by double positive (CD4+ CD8+) cortical thymocytes. We previously reported that the JL1 antigen was selectively expressed on the surface of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. T-Lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-LBL/ALL), the 6th prevalent lymphoma in Korea, is composed of immature neoplastic lymphoid cells and shows a rapid response to appropriate treatment. Early and precise diagnosis of LBL/ALL is crucial. Light microscopic distinction of LBL/ALL from other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas can sometimes be difficult and is aided by immunophenotypic studies. This study is designed to investigate the diagnostic utility of anti-JL1 monoclonal antibody (YG5) for LBL/ALL in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. We collected 25 cases of LBL/ALL (18 T-cell, 5 B-cell and 2 undetermined lineage) from 1993 through 1998. We confirmed the diagnosis using morphologic and immunophenotypic data. Strong JL1 expression along cell membrane was observed in 16 out of 18 T-LBL/ALL cases (89%). In 28 cases of other types of lymphomas of including 7 cases of non-T LBL/ALL and 14 cases of small round cell tumors, no JL1 expression was identified. These results show that the immunostaining for JL1 using YG5 on paraffin embedded sections can be useful for the specific diagnosis of T-LBL/ALL in routine diagnostic service.

The Current Practice of the Autopsy Services and the Autopsy Records at the Seoul National University Hospital.: Jeong Wook Seo, Yoon Sung Lee, Je Geun Chi, Ghee Young Choe, Soong Deok Lee, Chong Jai Kim, In Ae Park, Woo Ho Kim, Ja June Jang, Chul Woo Kim, Seong Hoe Park, Jung Bin Lee, Hyun Soon Lee, Yong Il Kim, Eui Keun Ham, Sang Kook Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(6):453-459.

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Abstract: This study outlines the current status of the autopsy practice and the medical records for autopsies at the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital. Total number of autopsy cases from 1954 to 1995 was 3,131. Adults aged over 17 were 371 cases and children were 2,515 cases. The demographic data in 245 cases was not available. The number of adult autopsies and its proportion among total number of autopsies during 10-year periods decreased from 144 cases (40%) during the 10-year-period from 1956 to 52 cases (3%) during the 10-year-period from 1986. The number of children cases during the same period groups increased slightly from 210 cases (58%) to 393 cases (25%). But the number of fetal cases increased rapidly from 7 cases (2%) to 1,146 cases (72%). Among fetal autopsies the proportion of fetuses died earlier than 24 weeks of gestation increased and this figure exceeds that of fetuses that died later than 24 weeks of gestation from 1992. Forty percent of the cases were submitted from the clinical departments of the Seoul National University Hospital but the remainders were referred from 73 hospitals. Final autopsy diagnoses were analysed according to the Korean Standard Classification of Disease (KCD)-3 coding system and by searching key words for all cases. Common diagnoses as coded among cases from 1990 were P9, P0, P2, Q2 and Q0. Common diseases by key words for adult cases were liver disease, tuberculosis and pneumonia. Common diseases for children cases were pneumonia, hyaline membrane disease, meningitis and tuberculosis. Through this study we could show the importance of autopsy services for fetuses. We could also establish a regular registration system for autopsies at general hospitals.

Thymoma: A clinicopathologic analysis of 66 cases.: Weon Seo Park, Seong Hoe Park, Yong Il Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(4):372-380.

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Abstract PDF: A total of 66 cases of thymoma(57 surgically resected cases and 9 incisional biopsy cases) were reviewed with an attempt to correlate pathomorphologic features and clinical presentations. Criteria of benign or invasive thymoma were primarily determined by operative clinical and pathologic findings. Of them, 21 cases were invasive thymomas. The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 47 years and it occurred largely in the sixth decade. Myasthenia gravis was accompanied in 29 cases(43%). One patient died during folow-up period, and five of the remainder suffered from recurrence. Microscopically, mixed type was the most common one(33 cases), being followed by predominantly epithelial type(17 cases) and predominantly lymphocytic type(16 cases). Thirty four cases of thymomas were cortical type, 29 mixed type, and the remaining 3 medullary type. None of the histologic type were significantly correlated with tumor invasiveness, Myasthenia gravis was more frequently associated with mixed and cortical type, respectively.

Ovarian mature cystic teratoma with histologic features of chronic thyroiditis: Histologic analysis of 4 cases.: Doo Hyun Chung, Weon Seo Park, Soo Min Kang, Eun Sil Yu, Seong Hoe Park; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(3):209-214.

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Abstract PDF: We have reviewed ovarian mature cystic teratomas with features of chronic thyroiditis that were diagnosed at the department of pathology, Seoul National University Hospital during 7 years, 1984-1991. Twenty three case(8%) containing thyroid tissue among 285 ovarian mature teratomas were available for histopathologic examination. Among these, 4 cases(1.4%) showed lymphocytic infiltration with lymphoid follicle formation. These four cases were examined according to the strict histologic criteria of autoimmune thyroiditis and reactive non-autoimmune thyroiditis for the purpose of differentiation of pathogenesis. Two cases were similar to autoimmune in nature and the other two cases simply seemed to reflect reactive features to adjacent stimulating elements. In conclusion, thyroid tissue present in ovarian cystic teratoma may have histologic features of chronic thyroiditis of either autoimmune or non-autoimmune origin.

Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical observation on Malignant Schwannoma.: Tae Sook Hwang, Seong Hoe Park, Eui Keun Ham; Korean J Pathol. 1990;24(4):446-455.

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Abstract PDF: Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies for S-100 protein and keratin has been conducted on 21 cases of malignant schwannomas. The 21 cases were divided into the following three groups Group A: tumors originating from the nerve trunk or neurofibroma; Group B: tumors related to von Recklinghausen's disease; and Group C: other tumors not belonging to the above groups but histologically diagnosed as malignant schwannoma. The commonest histological pattern consisted of either closely packed or loosely arranged interlacing fascicles of slender spindle cells with wavy fibrillar cytoplasm, followed by myxoid change, perithelial pattern, hyaline change of the blood vessels, and hyalinlzed cords or nodules. Nine out of 12 cases of malignant schwannomas in group A and B, and 7 out of 9 cases of group C were positive for S-100 protein. None of the above cases showed positive staining reaction for keratin. Since 7 of 9 malignant schwannomas in Group C stained with S-100 protein, we can conclude that careful histological analysis supplemented by immunohistichemical study can make a conclusive diagnosis in most of the cases of malignant schwannomas even in cases that do not fulfil the traditional strict criteria.

Giatn Lymph Node Hyperplasia : Analysis of 17 Cases with Special Reference to 5 Cases of Plasma Cell Type.: Jeong Hee Cho, Seong Hoe Park, Yong Il Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1990;24(3):204-214.

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Abstract PDF: This report describes the pathologic features of 17 cases of Castleman's disease, examined at the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital during a period from 1973 to 1989. The lesions in 12 cases were hyaline-vascular type and the remainders plasma cell type. The pathologic features favoring the plasma cell type over the hyaline vascular type included a sufficient number to large-sized follicles. However, a histologic overlapping between two types was present. In the hyaline vascular type the age of the patients ranged from 7 to 76 years and they appeared to be no particular sex predominence. The majority of the lesions occurred in the neck and within the chest. Almost all cases presented with a solitary mass except three cases. Neither conventional symptoms nor systemic manifestations were associated. The plasma cell type was characterized by presentation of constitutional symptoms, involvement of intra abdominal and inguinal lymphnodes, in association with unusual clinicopathologic features including IgA nephropathy, diabetes mellitus, systemic progressive sclerosis, peripheral neuropathy, and anemia. Immunohistochemical study was performed in three cases of the plasma cell type. Two cases revealed poly-clonal plasma cell infiltration. In a patient with IgA nephropathy, however, serum IgA was increase and a strong immunoreactivity to IgA heavy chain was found. Another case, associated with systemic progressive sclerosis and neuropathy, revealed monoclonal plasma cell infiltration (IgG and lambda light chain). The above results support a possibility that in some of the plasma cell type an altered immune mechanism is involved in its pathogenesis.

Metastatic Giant Cell Carcinoma of Thyroid Simulating Primary Small Intestinal Tumor: Report of a case with ultrastrucutral and immunohistochemical studies.: Woo Ho Kim, Yong Il Kim, Seong Hoe Park, Jae Gahb Park; Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(2):194-201.

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Abstract PDF: We present a case of metastatic giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid in small intestine presenting as an unusual polypoid growth, and its ultrastructure and immunohistochemical reaction to thyroglobulin were investigated. The patient was a 63 years old female who received a segmental resection of ileum for intestinal obstruction, one year after a radical neck dissection and thyroidectomy for anaplastic (giant cell variant) carcinoma with a focus of papillary tumor of the thyroid. In the segmentally resected ileum, there were three conglomerated round intraluminal polypoid tumor masses in close approximation which measured 4.5 cm, 2.5 cm and 2 cm respectively. The histological features were similar to those of thyroid lesion, being predominantly made of anaplastic giant and spindle cells in haphazard arrangement. Ultrastructure of pleomorphic spindle cells and multinucleated giant cells demonstrated numerous mitochondria with tubular cristae, rough endoplasmic reticula and a few membrane-bound dense granules. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase method against thyroglobulin revealed strong positive staining on papillary carcinoma and weak positivity on both giant cells and spindle cells of the anaplastic carcinoma. The above observations confirm that multinucleated giant cells of small intestine originate from metastatic giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid.

Microgliomatosis: A case report with literature review.: Hyung Sik Shin, Kye Sook Lee, Seong Hoe Park, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(1):112-118.

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Abstract PDF: In 1929, Bailey first described an intracranial sarcomatous tumor as a term of perithelial sarcoma. The term of microgliomatosis was introduced by Benedek and Juba, 1941. In recent period, malignant lymphoma was widely used rather than many other terms such as reticulum cell sarcoma, malignant reticulosis, etc. An autopsy case of microgliomatosis was presented. She was a 33-year-old woman with headache, ataxia, memory disturbance, defecation and micturition difficulty. She was relatively well until 3 months earlier before admission. She visited first St. Vincent Hospital due to memory disturbance, and a tumor was found in her left frontal lobe by CT scanning of her brain. She was transferred to Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospital for further evaluation of the tumor mass. She ws given steroid therapy and somewhat improved in her symptoms. By follow-up CT scannings, the tumor could not be found. Her general conditions were progressively deteriorated and died on 85th day of her admission. Brain limited autopsy was performed. The external features of her brain were grossly unremarkable. Cut surfaces revealed multiple ill-defined grayish white masses, especially on deep white matter of left frontal lobe, left cingulate gyrus and white matter together with medial side of basal ganglia. The definite size was not able to be measured, but the largest one in left frontal lobe was about 2.5cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumors have many characteristics of microgliomatosis, such as perivascular arrangement of tumor cells and concentric reticulin condensation. These microscopic features were seen not only in grossly visible masses but also in other areas, almost all cerebral hemispheres. Literature review on microgliomatosis and a case report were done.

Malignant Lymphoma of Thyroid Associated with Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis and Occult Sclerosing Carcinoma: A case report.: Yeon Lim Suh, Seong Hoe Park, Yong Il Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(1):107-111.

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Abstract PDF: Although the reported number of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid has been increased, primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis has been sporadically reported since its first description by Graham in 1931. The apparent coexistence of these two conditions has undoubtedly been noted by other observers. And they suggested that malignant lymphoma of the thyroid might arise from the lymphoid tissue ina wide variety of preexisting thyroidal disease. This report was made to record a case of primary thyroid lymphoma recently seen in this department with special emphasis on the associated thyroiditic changes in the uninvolved portion of the gland, which suggest the antecedent presence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.

Histological Observations on Human Thyroids: 100 cases analysis of embryos and fetuses.: Eun Hee Suh, Seong Hoe Park, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(1):27-36.

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the morphogenesis of the human thyroid, a histologic study was made based on 100 normal thyroids of human embryos and fetuses ranging in age from 4 to 42 weeks of gestation. The embryos were serially sectioned and fetuses were examinated as an individual organ. 1) The first sign of thyroid primordium was the spherical proliferation of median ventral pharyngeal wall at the 4th week of development. 2) At the 6th week of gestation, the thyroid differentiated into two lobes that were connected by an isthmus, and was on the way of migration to the definite position from the foramen cecum. 3) The developing thyroid consisted of two cell cords, solid nests or interconnecting complex pattern until 14th week of gestation, when the entire portion of thyroid was replaced by follicles of variable size. 4) At the 9th week, the first follicle was recognizable at the periphery of the gland. 5) At the 14th week, follicles were partly filled with faintly eosinophilic colloid. 6) After the 18th week of gestation, lobulation of the thyroid parenchyme was a prominent feature. 7) After the 24th week, large follicles with rich colloid content are distributed through both superificial and deep portions. And after the 34th week, maturation reached the general pattern of adult thyroid. 8) The ability of thyroglobulin synthesis which was confirmed by PAP method, was first recognized at the 10th week of gestation.

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